View source for 视频【美国前总统罗纳德·里根1987年关于关税与自由贸易的演讲-完整文本 (英/中）】Former US president Ronald Reagan 1987 speech on tariffs and free trade - FULL】

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<big style="font-size:158%">'''视频：美国前总统罗纳德·里根1987年关于关税与自由贸易的演讲 | 完整文本（英中双语）'''</big>



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<big style="line-height:1.8">'''【加拿大反关税广告与里根1987年演讲的比较】'''<br>
'''Canada’s anti-tariff ad and Reagan’s 1987 address compared'''

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'''美国前总统罗纳德·里根1987年关于关税与自由贸易的演讲'''


美国同胞们，


日本首相中曾根康弘将于下周莅临白宫与我举行会晤。此次访问意义重大，因为尽管我期待着与我们的老朋友日本讨论两国关系——总体而言，我们的关系依然非常良好——但近期两国在贸易问题上的分歧也将成为我们议程上的重要议题。或许各位已知悉，上周我对部分日本产品加征了新关税，以回应日本未能履行双方关于半导体电子设备的贸易协议。


实施关税或任何形式的贸易壁垒与限制，都是我极不情愿采取的措施。稍后我将阐明此举的合理经济依据——从长远看，此类贸易壁垒将损害全体美国劳动者和消费者的利益。但日本半导体属于特殊情况。我们掌握确凿证据表明日企存在违反美日协议的不公平贸易行为。我们要求贸易伙伴恪守承诺。正如我多次强调的，我们对自由贸易的承诺，同样是对公平贸易的承诺。但请注意，征收关税只是为解决特定问题，绝非开启贸易战。下周我将向中曾根首相传达相同信息：我们愿继续就贸易问题开展合作，并期待在证据允许时尽快解除这些贸易限制。我们这样做是因为深信美日两国都有责任推动唯有自由贸易才能带来的繁荣与经济发展。


几周前，我向加拿大领导人传达了同样的自由贸易理念，并获得了热烈响应。


事实上，全球各国日益认识到：拒绝保护主义立法、促进公平自由竞争，才是通向共同繁荣的道路。这背后有着充分的历史依据。


对于经历过大萧条的人们，那段苦难岁月留下的记忆依然深刻而灼痛。


如今众多经济分析师和历史学家指出，当时通过的《斯穆特-霍利关税法》大幅加剧了经济萧条，阻碍了经济复苏。要知道，当有人提出“对外国进口商品加征关税”时，表面看似是在保护美国产品和就业岗位，彰显爱国情怀。有时短期内确实奏效，但终究是昙花一现。最终的后果是：本土产业首先开始依赖高关税形式的政府保护。


它们停止竞争，不再进行创新管理和技术变革——这些正是立足全球市场的必要条件。而与此同时，更糟糕的情况正在发生。


高关税必然引发外国报复，点燃激烈的贸易战。结果是关税层层加码，贸易壁垒不断升高，竞争日益萎缩。很快，由于关税人为抬高价格，补贴了低效和管理不善，人们就不再购买了。


然后最糟糕的情况随之发生：市场萎缩崩溃，企业倒闭，数百万民众失业。20世纪30年代的惨痛记忆促使我来到华盛顿时，决心让美国人民免受破坏繁荣的保护主义立法之害。当然，这条路并非一帆风顺。国会中总有人——正如三十年代那样——为谋取短期政治利益，甘愿牺牲美国繁荣，只为取悦某些特殊利益集团，却忘记了超过500万美国就业岗位直接依赖对外出口业务，另有数百万岗位与进口贸易息息相关。


而我从未忘记这些就业岗位。


在贸易议题上，我们总体上做得不错。在某些特定案例中，比如日本半导体问题，我们采取了措施制止针对美国产品的不公平行为，但始终坚守对自由贸易和经济增长的基本长期承诺。因此，随着我与中曾根首相的会晤以及威尼斯经济峰会的临近，在与外国政府的贸易谈判中，绝不能限制总统的决策空间，这一点至关重要。


遗憾的是，国会中某些人正试图如此行事。我将持续通报这项危险立法的进展——它本质上是另一种保护主义手段，我可能需要各位协助阻止。请谨记，美国就业与经济增长正面临威胁。下周再会，感谢收听，愿上帝保佑各位。



Former US president Ronald Reagan 1987 speech on tariffs and free trade | FULL


My fellow Americans, 

Prime Minister Nakasoni of Japan will be visiting me here at the White House next week. It's an important visit because while I expect to take up our relations with our good friend Japan, which overall remain excellent, recent disagreements between our two countries on the issue of trade, will also be high on our agenda. As perhaps you've heard last week I placed new duties on some Japanese products in response to Japan's inability to enforce their trade agreement with us on electronic devices called semiconductors.


Now imposing such tariffs or trade barriers and restrictions of any kind are steps that I am loathed to take. And in a moment I'll mention the sound economic reasons for this that over the long run such trade barriers hurt every American worker and consumer. But the Japanese semiconductors were a special case. We had clear evidence that Japanese companies were engaging in unfair trade practices that violated an agreement between Japan and the United States. We expect our trading partners to live up to their agreements. As I've often said, our commitment to free trade is also a commitment to fair trade. But, you know, in imposing these tariffs, we were just trying to deal with a particular problem, not begin a trade war. So next week I'll be giving Prime Minister Nakasoni this same message. We want to continue to work cooperatively on trade problems and want very much to lift these trade restrictions as soon as evidence permits. We want to do this because we feel both Japan and the United States have an obligation to promote the prosperity and economic development that only free trade can bring.


Now, that message of free trade is one I conveyed to Canada's leaders a few weeks ago, and it was warmly received there.


Indeed, throughout the world, there's a growing realization that the way to prosperity for all nations is rejecting protectionist legislation and promoting fair and free competition. Now, there are sound historical reasons for this.


For those of us who lived through the Great Depression, the memory of the suffering it caused is deep and searing.


And today, many economic analysts and historians argue that high tariff legislation passed back in that period called the Smoot Holly tariff greatly deepened the depression and prevented economic recovery. You see, at first when someone says, _Let's impose tariffs on foreign imports. It looks like they're doing the patriotic thing by protecting American products and jobs._ And sometimes for a short while it works, but only for a short time. What eventually occurs is first homegrown industries start relying on government protection in the form of high tariffs.
They stop competing and stop making the innovative management and technological changes they need to succeed in world markets. And then while all this is going on, something even worse occurs.


High tariffs inevitably lead to retaliation by foreign countries and the triggering of fierce trade wars. The result is more and more tariffs, higher and higher trade barriers, and less and less competition. So soon, because of the prices made artificially high by tariffs that subsidize inefficiency and poor management, people stop buying.


Then the worst happens. Markets shrink and collapse. Businesses and industries shut down and millions of people lose their jobs. The memory of all this occurring back in the 30s made me determined when I came to Washington to spare the American people the protectionist legislation that destroys prosperity. Now, it hasn't always been easy. There are those in the Congress, just as there were back in the 30s, who want to go for the quick political advantage, who risk America's prosperity for the sake of a short-term appeal to some special interest group, who forget that more than 5 million American jobs are directly tied to the foreign export business, and additional millions are tied to imports.


Well, I've never forgotten those jobs.


And on trade issues, by and large, we've done well. In certain select cases, like the Japanese semiconductors, we've taken steps to stop unfair practices against American products, but we've still maintained our basic long-term commitment to free trade and economic growth. So, with my meeting with Prime Minister Nakason and the Venice Economic Summit coming up, it's terribly important not to restrict a president's options in such trade dealings with foreign governments.


Unfortunately, some in the Congress are trying to do exactly that. I'll keep you informed on this dangerous legislation because it's just another form of protectionism and I may need your help to stop it. Remember, America's jobs and growth are at stake. Until next week, thanks for listening and God bless you. </big>

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